The foundation lays the groundwork for a good bathhouse
The construction of a bathhouse begins with the foundation. For a one-story wooden bathhouse, a strip or columnar foundation is quite suitable.
A strip foundation is a continuous wall around the entire perimeter of the bathhouse, made of rubble stone, brick, gravel, bound with cement-sand mortar. For a strip foundation of a wooden bathhouse, a pit is dug, the bottom is covered with sand 15-20 cm, watered and compacted.
After laying several sand layers, the foundation itself is constructed, brought above the zero level, leveled with mortar, and 2-3 layers of roofing felt on bitumen mastic are laid as waterproofing. The width of the foundation depends on the size and design of the wooden bathhouse and ranges from 25 to 50 cm.
A strip foundation is characterized by simplicity of technology, reliability, and the possibility of use in the construction of a bathhouse with a heavy structure. The disadvantages of a strip foundation for building a bathhouse are high labor intensity and large material consumption.
A columnar foundation is laid when building a small bathhouse. Such a foundation consists of free-standing support columns measuring 60x60 or 50x50 cm, made of stone or red clay brick. The supports are placed under the corners of the wooden bathhouse, as well as under the joints of internal and external walls, in places with increased load, and if the bathhouse is frame, then under the frame posts.
If the bathhouse is intended to be large, it is advisable to install additional pillars between the main ones at intervals of no more than two meters. If the support columns are laid at a greater depth, a sand-gravel cushion is provided under them. Between the supports of the external walls of the wooden bathhouse and the internal walls of the steam room, brickwork 25 cm thick is laid and sunk into the ground by 20-25 cm.
A columnar foundation is more economical, but is not suitable for building a bathhouse with a heavy structure and the presence of a basement.
The depth of the foundation is selected according to the depth of the soil layers taken as the natural base. For example, clay and loamy soils heave when freezing. In this case, the foundation base is laid at a depth of 10-25 cm below the freezing depth of the soil. In sandy soils, the foundation is laid without considering the freezing depth, and at least 50 cm from the planning level.
The depth of the foundation for internal walls is less than for external ones, but not less than 40 cm from the ground level. In rocky soils, the depth of the foundation base is also taken as 50 cm regardless of the freezing depth.
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