A lack of money, for instance, can be remedied by pawning your car at an auto pawnshop if you are traveling by car, and a lost foreign passport can be replaced at your home country's embassy with, say, a domestic passport that you fortunately still have. Travel operators or airline representatives can help with flight troubles, for example, by providing you with an extra seat on the plane.
Of course, it is impossible to insure against everything, but taking care of your health is worthwhile. Check with your tour operator exactly what medical assistance is covered by mandatory insurance and the addresses of clinics you can go to. Follow safety rules meticulously if you are engaged in extreme tourism: deep-sea diving, storm surfing, conquering Everest, canoeing down mountain rivers, going on safari, or racing down ski slopes.
If you get lost in an unfamiliar city (which, incidentally, Napoleon advised to study carefully, since you might later have to conquer it), keep your composure. Calm down, don't panic, and take a fresh look at the maze of city streets. Remember where you came from, call your guide if your phone hasn't been lost or its battery hasn't died. Ask passersby for help, even using sign language, or better yet, approach the local police (in Europe they are fairly liberal, and London police, for example, are specially trained to assist tourists).
Keep in mind that the better prepared your trip, the less likely a sad outcome. The main thing is to treat every journey as a unique adventure. Serious and minor troubles will be easier to resolve with a positive attitude, and later the experience will be remembered with laughter and valued as unique survival experience.